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Drug Testing Usually, drug testing consists of four steps. They are collection, screening, confirmation, review. While taking a drug test, the person is met by a test collector or administrator, who instructs the individual and receives the necessary specimen. Besides, the collector completes the special chain-of-custody form, which guarantees that the specimen was handled in a proper way. In case of providing a urine sample, a special temperature strip is placed on the collection container to protect against a substitute sample. Then the person who is taking a test should initial a tamper-evident tape and confirm the chain-of-custody form. Afterwards, the specimen is examined for the presence of drugs or drug metabolites. Provided the screening test is positive, it should be confirmed by a second test. All verified positive tests are reviewed by a physician/a nurse, who know the nature of substance abuse disorders. Sometimes specimens are tested at the collection site. The primary test results are known within some minutes; others are screened at a lab. All screens that do not show any drugs or drug metabolites in the initial screen are not tested any more. Specimens that are positive for drugs or drug metabolites are checked further in the lab through a so called GS/MS (gas chromatography/mass spectrometry), in which two techniques are combined. While using the GS (gas chromatography) the various specimen substances are separated. Next, they make a positive identification via MS (mass spectrometry). Types of Drug Tests Drug testing guided according to The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Association (SAMHSA) checks for 5 illegal drugs plus and alcohol in some cases. These 5 illegal drugs are: • THC (hash, marijuana, cannabinoids) • Amphetamines (crank, meth, ecstasy) • Cocaine (crack, coke) • Phencyclidine (PCP) • Opiates (heroin, codeine, opium, morphine) On the other hand, most private employers are not allowed to test for the number of substances. It is not forbidden to take some drugs legitimately or based on a prescription of a physician. It is known that most employers can test for any combination of illicit drugs. Anyway, there are certain commonly selected panels. The 8-panel test involves five above-mentioned substances and barbiturates (butalbital, phenobarbital, downers, secobarbital); methaqualone (quaaludes) and benzodiazepines (tranquilizers). The 10-panel test involves the 8-panel test and propoxyphene (darvon compounds), methadone. Additionally, drug testing can be done for: • Inhalants (glue, paint, hairspray) • Hallucinogens (mushrooms, LSD, mescaline) • Anabolic steroids (hormones for muscle-building) • Hydrocodone (Lortab, Oxycodone, Vicodin) • MDMA (ecstasy). |
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